问题：为什么中国和日本不像法国和德国那样握手言和？
印度尼西亚华人网友苏加亚的回答
Because China wants Japan to apologize:
因为中国希望日本这样道歉：
This was the German Prime Minister Willie Brandt's apology for the Holocaust, which caused millions of casualties in Europe under the German occupation.
这是当时德国总理威利·勃兰特为大屠杀道歉，欧洲在德国人的占领下伤亡数百万人。
On the contrary, the Japanese responded in this way:
但相反，日本人是这样回应的：
This is Shinzo Abe, the Prime Minister of Japan, visiting Yakusuni, the "holy land" of Japanese war criminals. To be fair, the Yakusuni Shrine is not only to commemorate war criminals, but why do they worship war criminals in this shrine? No wonder the Japanese victims are angry.
这是安倍晋三，日本首相访问日本战犯“圣地”雅库苏尼。公正地说，雅库苏尼神社不仅仅是纪念战犯，但为什么他们会在这个神社里供奉战犯？难怪日本受害者感到愤怒。
The point is that Germany has sincerely reformed their way since the Nazi era, and their education curriculum ensures that everyone is aware of Nazi crimes. In Japan, the government did this to whitewash the past crimes.
重点是德国自纳粹时代以来就真诚地改革了他们的方式，他们的教育课程确保每个人都意识到纳粹罪行。在日本，政府这样做是为了粉饰过去的罪行。
As a Chinese, I can say that we do not hate the Japanese. I mean, we will not kill Tokyo or do similar things, but there is still tension between the two people and the official.
作为一个中国人，我可以说我们不恨日本人，我的意思是，我们不会做出屠杀东京或做类似的事情，但两个民间和官方仍然存在紧张关系，非常紧张。
What has Japan done? They rebuilt the economy with the help of the United States. They honored war criminals convicted by the International Court of Justice. They tried to cover up their crazy crimes.
日本做了什么？他们在美国的帮助下重建了经济。他们授予被国际法庭定罪的战犯荣誉。他们试图掩盖自己疯狂的罪行。
The comfort women are passing away. The survivors of Nanjing are dying. Almost all 731 victims died. But we remember! We remember millions of victims who were brutally killed.
慰安妇们正在逝去。南京的幸存者正在去世。731名受害者几乎全部死亡。但我们记得！我们记得数百万被残忍杀害的死者。
But do the Japanese still remember? no Their young people don't even know what their ancestors did. They just called the Nanjing Massacre an event.
但日本人还记得吗？不。他们的年轻人甚至不知道他们的祖先做了什么。他们只是称南京大屠杀是一起事件。
他们从未正式认真道歉，甚至一次都没有。肯定有士兵后悔了。但政府什么也没说。
My friends, that is why China will not forgive Japan. Not because we are ruthless, but because they don't even realize what they have done wrong. According to this logic, once they have strength, they may do it again.
朋友们，这就是为什么中国不会原谅日本。不是因为我们无情，而是因为他们甚至没有意识到自己做错了什么。按照这个逻辑，一旦他们有了实力，他们可能会再次这样做。
旅居中国的网友Isabella M的回答
The Japanese government has not officially acknowledged the atrocities committed in East Asia, including China. Germany has formally apologized to all relevant people, including Israel, for the atrocities. Japan did not regret and guilt to admit that it had committed atrocities, but only said that it had caused some "damage" at most. What is missing in all apologies is the responsibility for Japan's atrocities in China. There is a difference between "harm" and "atrocity", especially when you don't even admit such behavior to your own people.
日本政府尚未正式承认在包括中国在内的东亚地区犯下的暴行。德国已就暴行向包括以色列在内的所有相关人士正式道歉。日本没有悔恨和内疚地承认，它制造了暴行，只是说，最多产生了一些“损害”，所有道歉中缺少的是对日本在中国发生的暴行负责。“损害”和“暴行”是有区别的，特别是当你甚至不向自己的人民承认这种行为时。
The secret of this matter appeared in 1972: "On September 29, 1972, Prime Minister Tanaka Kakuei said to the people of the People's Republic of China," Japan is strongly aware that Japan has been responsible for the serious damage caused to the Chinese people through war in the past, and deeply condemns itself. In addition, Japan reiterates its position that it intends to normalize relations between the two countries from the standpoint of fully understanding the 'three principles of restoring relations'. " Suggestions made by the Government of the People's Republic of China. China welcomes this "(Joint Communiqu é of the Government of Japan and the Government of the People's Republic of China).
这件事的秘密出现在1972年：“1972年9月29日，田中角荣首相对中华人民共和国人民说：“日本方面强烈意识到日本过去通过战争对中国人民造成的严重损害负有责任，并深深谴责自己。此外，日本方面重申其立场，即它打算从充分理解‘恢复关系的三项原则’的立场出发，实现两国关系正常化。”中华人民共和国政府提出的建议。中方对此表示欢迎”（《日本政府和中华人民共和国政府联合公报》）。
Successive Japanese prime ministers and officials have repeated this message, but have not acknowledged their atrocities. Even in Japanese textbooks, Japanese students do not know about the Nanjing Massacre or the biological experiments of 731 troops. Perhaps you can learn the truth of history from the following websites or platforms:
日本历届首相和官员都重复了这一信息，但没有承认其暴行。即使在日本教科书中，日本学生也不知道南京大屠杀或731部队的生物实验。或许你可以从以下网址或平台上的文章了解一下历史的真相：
日军暴行Nanjing Massacre - Wikipedia; Force 731 - Wikipedia; Japanese History Textbook Dispute - Wikipedia
南京大屠杀-维基百科；731部队-维基百科；日本历史教科书争议-维基百科
What is missing from Japanese history class?
日本历史课遗漏了什么？
Japanese "Nationalism" textbooks teach different historical views | Voice of Germany | August 15, 2017
日本的“民族主义”教科书教授了不同的历史观|德国之声| 2017年8月15日
In fact, the United States participated in the cover-up and non-persecution of 731 troops
事实上，美国参与了731部队的掩盖和非迫害
731部队恶行
The United States pays data fees to members of the 731 Force | Japan Times
美国向731部队成员支付数据费|《日本时报》
It seems that most Japanese do not know the atrocities committed against China, nor how this denial of serious grievances affects the views of Chinese and Japanese. This gap of repentance is the reason for the differences.
似乎大多数日本人都不知道对中国犯下的暴行，也不知道这种对严重冤情的否认是如何影响中国人和日本人的看法的。这种悔悟的差距是分歧的原因。
中国网友Choose The Yun的回答
For many people, if we can really do this, it may be very counterintuitive. The Chinese government has made great efforts to unite South Korea and Japan. Chinese leaders visited Japan before the reform and opening up and expressed appreciation for the progress made by Japan.
对于很多人来说，我们如果真的能做到这一点可能是非常违背直觉的。中国政府为团结韩国和日本所做的努力是巨大的。中国领导在改革开放前访问了日本，对日本取得的进展表示赞赏。
Those familiar with East Asia may know the dispute between China and Japan over the Diaoyu Islands issue and the disastrous war that ended in 1945. But this is not an unsolvable problem. In the 1970s, Sino-Japanese relations have been normalized. There are always some Japanese politicians who are friendly to China. The Chinese dislike of Japan is also easy to control. There is no hatred education in our history books. The key idea of our history book is that the best way to avoid foreign harm is to make China strong.
熟悉东亚的人可能知道中国与日本在钓鱼岛问题上的争端，以及1945年结束的灾难性战争。但这不是一个无法解决的问题。在七十年代，中日关系已经正常化。总有一些日本政治家对中国很友好。中国人对日本的厌恶也很容易控制。我们的历史书中没有仇恨教育。我们历史书的关键思想是，避免外国伤害的最佳方式是让中国强大。
We hope Japan will officially apologize, but we are not so stubborn. Otherwise, the Chinese government will not develop the relationship between China and Japan. Everyone should note that China's civilization is most concerned about the living. We know history, but it has never been our burden. I think South Korea and Japan have the same view in their society. It is not difficult to develop China-Japan relations.
我们希望日本正式道歉，但我们没有那么固执。否则，中国政府不会发展中国与日本的关系。每个人都应该注意到，中国的文明最关心活着的人。我们知道历史，但它从来不是我们的负担。我认为韩国和日本在他们的社会中有着相同的观点。发展中日关系并不难。
In fact, we have experienced many years of good times. Yes, we have ideological differences. However, we also have many similarities in cultural roots. Many Japanese businessmen have participated in China's modernization drive and made great contributions.
事实上，我们已经经历了很多年的美好时光。是的，我们在意识形态上有分歧。但是，我们在文化根源上也有很多相似之处。许多日本商人参与了中国的现代化建设，并做出了巨大贡献。
However, our relationship is not bad until 2012, when China will make great achievements in China-Japan-ROK cooperation. For several months, the three countries planned to build a free trade zone, but then something strange happened.
然而，我们并不坏的关系在2012年结束，当时中国将在中日韩合作中取得巨大成就。几个月来，这三个国家计划建设自由贸易区，但随后奇怪的事情发生了。
Some Japanese politicians put forward the idea of nationalizing the Diaoyu Islands, and some "patriots" Hong Kong groups boarded the Diaoyu Islands. When these things happened, the leaders of the three countries were still trying to save the free trade zone, but failed. The distrust between us can be controlled. However, it can also be manipulated.
日本一些政客提出了将钓鱼岛国有化的想法，一些“爱国者”香港团体登上钓鱼岛，当这些事情发生时，三个国家的领导人仍在努力挽救自由贸易区，但未能成功。我们之间的不信任可以得到控制。然而，它也可以被操纵。
The situation at that time was very clear. We could be friends, but some people didn't want to see it. Yes, it is the United States.
当时的局势很清楚，我们可以做朋友，但有人不想看到这一幕。是的，是美国。
I don't blame America. They should do so. The free trade zones of China, Japan and South Korea will pose a real threat to them. If I were the leader of the United States, I would try to stop it.
我不怪美国。他们应该这样做。中国、日本和韩国的自由贸易区将对他们构成真正的威胁。如果我是美国的领导人，我也会尽力阻止它。
In short, when Japan and South Korea are too close to China, strange things will happen. During Abe's first term of office, he was very friendly to China. Then, the first semester ends in one year. In his second term, he began to provoke on sensitive issues, and then he could serve as Prime Minister until today. When South Korean President Park Geun-hye was elected President of the Republic of Korea, she also worked hard to deepen relations with China. Until suddenly, Sade appeared.
总之，当日本和韩国离中国太近时，就会发生奇怪的事情。在安倍的第一个任期内，他对中国相当友好。然后，第一个学期在一年内结束。在他的第二个任期里，他开始在敏感议题上挑衅，然后，他可以担任总理直到今天。当韩国总统朴槿惠当选韩国总统时，她也在努力加深与中国的关系。直到突然，出现了萨德。
The United States has a very strong influence in Japan and South Korea. If China, Japan and South Korea form a unified market, it will be disastrous for the United States. The relationship between China and Japan has changed, because the dynamic confrontation between China and the United States is changing every day. When the balance between China and the United States changes permanently in East Asia, people will be able to see us shake hands.
美国在日本和韩国拥有非常强大的影响力。如果中国、日本和韩国形成统一的市场，对美国来说将是灾难性的。中国与日本的关系发生了变化，因为中美之间的动态对抗每天都在变化。当中国和美国之间的平衡在东亚发生永久性变化时，人们将能够看到我们握手。
Some people may find that after the trade problems between Japan and South Korea, China tried to persuade them to negotiate a solution. We have never abandoned it to realize a free trade zone. RECP has been signed. I hope we can make some achievements.
一些人可能会发现，在日本和韩国发生贸易问题后，中国试图说服他们谈判解决。我们从未放弃它以实现自由贸易区。RECP已经签署，希望我们能取得一些成就。
I wonder what the Japanese will think when observing the Sino-US trade war. How do you feel when you see us standing firmly in front of the United States? Do you remember the day you decided to surrender to the United States in the 1980s. I really want to know this. Everyone said that Japan was falling. I always think they still have fire in their hearts. If we remain undefeated in the trade war, will the Japanese make the decision to return to Asia and leave the western society?
我在想日本人在观察中美贸易战时会怎么想。当你们看到我们坚定地站在美国面前时，你们有什么感觉？你们还记得上世纪80年代你们决定向美国投降的那一天吗。我真的很想知道这个。每个人都说日本正在堕落。我一直认为他们的心中仍然有火。如果我们在贸易战中保持不败，日本人会做出重返亚洲并离开西方社会的决定吗？
网友Arolas Mao的回答
There are many good answers, but I still want to answer this question because I just received a request.
这里已经有很多好的答案，但我仍然想回答这个问题，因为我刚刚收到一个请求。
Historical reasons:
历史原因：
After World War II, Germany was like this:
二战后，德国是这样的：
All students must understand why and how we launched this war and committed war crimes. We have the responsibility to reflect on the Holocaust against Jews.
所有学生都必须了解我们为什么以及如何发动这场战争并犯下战争罪。我们有责任反思对犹太人的大屠杀。
Japan is like this:
日本是这样的：
We put war criminals in the shrine because that is our culture. Will our Prime Minister visit? It's no big deal. They just show respect to those who fight for the country. We are also victims of war: nuclear bombs do too much harm to us
我们把战犯放在神社里，因为那是我们的文化。我们的首相会去参观吗？没什么大不了的，他们只是对那些为国家而战的人表示尊重。我们也是战争的受害者：核弹对我们的伤害太大了…
Japanese right-wing group portrait:
日本右翼群像：
"Japan did nothing wrong. The Nanjing Massacre was forged by China."
“日本没有做错什么，南京大屠杀是中国伪造的。”
This is why some Chinese say that the Japanese never regret the war. It regrets that it was defeated. As far as I know, Germany did not massacre 300000 French in Paris. During the occupation of France, it did not conduct immoral human experiments on the French.
这就是为什么一些中国人说日本人从不为战争感到遗憾。它感到遗憾的是，自己被打败了。据我所知，德国没有在巴黎屠杀30万法国人。在占领法国期间，它也没有对法国人进行不道德的人体实验。
Geopolitical reasons:
地缘政治原因：
France and Germany need to stand together to build a strong and unified Europe. China and Japan have different needs. On the contrary, separating the two is beneficial to the West (that is, the United States). After the outbreak of the Korean War, the United States even helped Japan's right wing to remain in power, because it was worried that the Soviet Union might have too much influence on East Asia through the left party.
法国和德国需要站在一起建设一个强大和统一的欧洲。中国和日本的需求并不相同。相反，将这两者分开对西方（即美国）有利。朝鲜战争爆发后，美国甚至帮助日本右翼继续掌权，因为它担心苏联可能会通过左派对东亚产生太大影响。
Now you know why China can't shake hands with Japan like France and Germany.
现在你知道为什么中国不能像法国和德国那样与日本握手言和了。
中国网友瑞诺•张的回答
Quite simply, France and Germany are closer and have more in common than China and Japan.
很简单，法国和德国比中国和日本更接近，也有更多的共同点。
1. France and Germany are both Christian countries and part of European culture. Both are seriously (more or less) influenced by Greek and Roman culture.
1.法国和德国都是基督教国家，是欧洲文化的一部分。两者都严重（或多或少）受到希腊和罗马文化的影响。
2. France and Germany have always shared a common border, territorial change and immigration. In 1700, 20% of Berlin's population spoke French (Huguenot).
2.法国和德国一直有着共同的边界，领土变化和移民往来。1700年，柏林20%的人口说法语（胡格诺派）。
3. France and Germany both originated from the Frankish Empire and recognized Charlemagne as the founder of their respective countries.
3.法国和德国都是从法兰克帝国起源的，承认查理曼是各自国家的缔造者。
4. The two cultures are quite similar. Most European countries share a common and extensive political, philosophical and cultural belief system.
4.这两种文化相当相似，大多数欧洲国家都有共同的广泛的政治、哲学和文化信仰体系。
5. France and Germany are relatively younger than Japan and China.
5.法国和德国都比日本和中国相对年轻。
6. Despite the Second World War, Germany and France were not as cruel as Japan was to China.
6.尽管第二次世界大战，德国和法国都没有像日本对中国那样残暴。
All these, together with the political and economic realities after World War II, forced both countries to make up. At the end of the Second World War, Germany (under the occupation of the Allies and the Soviet Union) had no choice at all.
所有这些，加上二战后的政治和经济现实，迫使两国都做出了弥补。第二次世界大战结束时，德国（在盟军和苏联的占领下）根本别无选择。
德国网友瑞德诺尔的回答
The reason is simple: the United States will not allow it.
原因很简单：美国不会允许。
I see that many responses mentioned the differences between Germany and Japan in apology. These are just some things on the surface of the whole relationship between China, Japan, South Korea and the United States. As you can see, after the World War II and the Korean War, Japan and South Korea claimed to be independent countries, but in fact they were dependent on the United States, which was the pawn of the United States to maintain its influence in East Asia.
我看到很多回答都提到了德国和日本在道歉方面的不同。这只是中国、日本、韩国和美国整个关系表面上的一些东西。你可以看到，二战和朝鲜战争后，日本和韩国声称是一个独立的国家，但实际上依附于美国，是美国维持其在东亚影响的棋子。
It has worked for about 50 years. In these years, some stocks were transferred from Japan to South Korea in the 1990s. Neither of these two countries has the ability to resist their suzerain, nor other countries have the ability to link the two countries.
它持续了大约50年。在这些年里，美国在90年代将部分科技产业从日本转移到了韩国，以达到制衡目的，这两个国家都没有能力抵抗他们的宗主国，也没有其他国家有能力将这两个国硬凑在一起。
About 10-20 years ago, as China's economy took off, South Korea and Japan seemed to see the opportunity to become a real country through close relations with China and each other. This is when you see the issue of World War II on the table. Whenever the three countries show any sign of proximity, it will certainly be the time when the Japanese Prime Minister visits the Yasukuni Shrine, and then when there is friction between South Korea and China.
大约10-20年前，随着中国经济的腾飞，韩国和日本似乎看到了通过与中国和彼此的密切关系而成为一个真正国家的机会。这就是当你看到二战的问题被提上桌面的时候。每当这三个国家表现出任何接近的迹象时，也肯定会是日本首相参拜靖国神社的时候，然后是韩国和中国出现摩擦的时候。
The governments of the three countries all know why they can't apologize to each other and develop their economies together. They want the United States to withdraw from the negotiations and gain more shares. As long as the United States can maintain its strength in East Asia, the United States will not let this happen.
这三个国家的政府都清楚为什么他们不能互相道歉，共同发展经济，他们想让美国退出谈判，获得更多的份额，只要美国仍能保持其在东亚的实力，美国就不会让这种情况发生。